Determinantes de la fecundidad
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Item Deux siècles d'illégitimité au Costa Rica 1770-1974(Academic Press, 1981) Pérez Brignoli, HéctorUn coup d'oeil sur des données récentes nous permet d'inclure le Costa Rica parmi les pays d’Amérique latine qui ont des pourcentages de naissances illégitimes relativement bas. De même, les indices de nuptialité hors du cadre juridique y sont modérés (voir tableau I). Cependant, il faut remarquer que ces proportions ne peuvent être considérées comme faibles que dans le contexte latino-américain. Il suffit de les comparer aux chiffres européens bien connus1 pour y trouver ce que nous pouvons appeler des "gradations du phénomène”. Ces variations sont associées, dans chaque pays, au nombre relatif des unions libres. Dam le cas du Costa Rica, le problème des sources se pose; il est difficile de déceler leurs irrégularités. Avant 1950, on ne peut calculer des proportions de naissances illégitimes. Les chiffres sont fournis par les archives paroissiales et par l'état civil, dont les données statistiques ont été publiées régulièrement depuis 1907. Comme ces proportions sont calculées par rapport au nombre total des naissances, il faut être prudent,2 surtout quand on travaille sur de petites populations. Les mesures de fécondité légitime et illégitime élaborées par A.J. Coale* permettraient de faire des comparaisons intéressantes, mais elles ne peuvent être calculées que pour les années 1950, 1963 et 1973. Encore le calcul de l’indice de fécondité illégitime exige-t-il de nombreuses précautions. Nous allons donner un aperçu du phénomène de l’illégitimité dans la Vallée Centrale du Costa Rica, depuis le dernier quart du dix-huitième siècle. Des données plus amples nous permettront de constater des variations régionales significatives dès 1&10. Enfin, nous étudierons la fécondité légitime et illégitime du pays tout entier depuis 1950, tout en essayant d’esquisser les caractères fondamentaux de la nuptialité.Item Modelling diffusion effects in fertility transition(Population Studies, No. 47, 1993) Rosero Bixby, Luis; Casterline, John B.Mathematical models bind theory to precise formulations, and by doing so accentuate logical inconsistences in theories and facilitate their testing. In this article we explore the implications of simple mathematical models of fertility transition that contain social interaction diffusion effects. We put forward the hypothesis that diffusion effects act as a third type of causal agent of fertility transition, above and beyond the traditionally studied demand and supply factors. Substantial historical and contemporary evidence points to the existence of diffusion effects on the timing and pace of fertility transition.' Among the pieces of evidence most commonly cited are the fact that fertility declines have occurred under a wide variety of social and economic circumstances, with the pace of decline frequently outpacing the rate of socio-economic change; the irreversibility and rapid pace of decline; the remarkable spatial and temporal patterning of fertility decline in terms of linguistic, ethnic, and cultural boundaries; and, in contemporary developing societies, the relatively small cross-societal and temporal variation in stated reproductive preferences, as compared to the variation in levels of fertility and contraceptive behaviour in the same populations.Item Interaction diffusion and fertility transition in Costa Rica(Social Forces; Vol. 73, No. 2, 1994) Rosero Bixby, Luis; Casterline, John B.A long-standing concern of sociologists is the contribution of diffusion processes to social change. This article considers the contribution of social interaction diffusion to the fertility transition in Costa Rica, focusing on person-to-person contagion. Several prominent features of the Costa Rican transition suggest the existence of interaction diffusion effects, notably its pervasiveness toward all socioeconomic strata and the lack of evidence of a downward shift in family size preferences. Maps of the timing of fertility transition show an ordered spatial pattern suggestive of contagion between neighboring areas. A dynamic regression model estimated from pooled time series data for 100 counties reveals inter- and within-county diffusion effects on birth control adoption net of socioeconomic and family-planning program effects.Item Child mortality and the fertility transition: aggregated and multilevel evidence from Costa Rica(From death to birth: mortality decline and reproductive change. National Academy Press, 1998) Rosero Bixby, LuisThe author explores whether reduced child mortality is needed in order to realize fertility transition by examining empirical evidence from Costa Rica, a developing country which decreased both child mortality and birth rates. Costa Rica's record is examined at the aggregate and individual levels. A strong association between child mortality and fertility is well documented in the literature. The role of child mortality on contemporary fertility transitions is considered, with geographic information system data used to obtain a clear definition of the area within a radius of 5 km in rural areas and 1 km in urban areas from the index household. Focus is given to the adoption of family planning for the first time as the dependent variable. Costa Rican national trends during the century are analyzed, followed by an examination of the role of child mortality upon the fertility transition at the micro- and macro-level. The analysis at each level first explores bivariate associations, then the multivariate associations with the purpose of isolating net effects. The macro-level analysis is based upon data from 89 Costa Rican counties.Item Interaction, Diffusion, and Fertility Transition in Costa Rica: Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence(Dynamics of Values in Fertility Change. Oxford University Press, 1999) Rosero Bixby, LuisThis chapter examines the role played by diffusion through social interaction in the Costa Rican fertility transition. The literature about the causes of fertility transition has traditionally focused on the socio-economic and cultural determinants of the motivation for having large or small families. To a somewhat lesser degree, it has also considered supply factors limiting or facilitating access to contraception, that is, the role of family planning programmes. The concern here is with the third type of causal agent of fertility transition, that is, the autonomous spread, or contagiousness, of fertility control. If Costa Rican data support the proposition that social contagion processes shaped fertility decline, then an empirical foundation exists for Simmons's claim that 'programmes may generate their own demand through diffusion from early users to others'.