Seguridad Social
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Item Las diferencias sociales ante la muerte infantil en América Latina(Salud y Cambio : Revista Chilena de Medicina Social, N. 19, 1995) Behm Rosas, Hugo; Behm Ammazzini, IngridUtilizando como ejemplo investigaciones sobre las diferencias sociales de la sobrevida infantil realizadas en países representativos de América Latina, se muestra que estas diferencias son frecuentes y marcadas, de tal modo que extensos grupos de la población están aún expuestos a excesivos riesgos. Estas inaceptables disparidades son, por ello, parte sustancial de la deficiente situación de salud en América Latina. Las condiciones estructurales que determinan estas diferencias en salud señalan el ineludible marco político del problema. No obstante, hay evidencia que la respuesta social del sector público de salud puede contribuir a reducir significativamente tales diferencias. Para ello se requiere la decisión política de fortalecer este sector y una estrategia para superar sus múltiples deficiencias. Las instituciones privadas que operan en salud confines de lucro, no tienen la posibilidad de mejorar la situación de salud de los sectores económicos más desfavorecidos, Los estudios sobre la pobreza han mostrado que estas poblaciones son numéricamente importantes en América Latina. Por tanto, la privatización del sector salud no es la respuesta a este problema.Item Demographic diversity and change in the Central American Isthmus(RAND, 1997) Pebley, Anne R.; Rosero Bixby, LuisThe chapters in this volume were originally presented at the International Conference on the Population of the Central American Isthmus, organized by the Central American Population Program (PCP) at the University of Costa Rica in collaboration with colleagues at RAND. Both the papers at the conference and the subset that are included in this volume represent research in a broad range of disciplines including demography, public health, anthropology, history, sociology, human ecology, and economics. The conference played an important role in bringing together an international group of researchers working on related issues in the region. The objective of this volume is to provide, in one central location, a collection of recent research on demographic, social, and environmental issues in the Central American Isthmus for English-speaking readers, both those who are not familiar with the region and those who know it well. For Spanish-speakers, the same collection of papers has been independently published as De los Mayas a la planificación familiar: DemografÍa del Istmo (L. Rosero Bixby, A. Pebley, and A. Bermúdez Méndez, editors) by the Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. This book is the first English-language collection of recent research on demographic, social, and environmental issues in Central America. The region's experience with ethnic and cultural identity provides food for thought for scholars concerned with the meaning of ethnicity and the consequences of cultural change. Countries in the region also have grapppled with the complex issues of promoting economic growth and reducing poverty while avoiding environmental destruction. The chapters in this volume provide important and often novel insights into these and many other demographic, social, and policy issues in the Central American Isthmus. For the first time in the English language, Central America's rich demographic history comes into focus in this volume. Editors Anne R. Pebley and Luis Rosero-Bixby provide the first and only English translations of works originally presented at the International Conference on the Population of the Central American Isthmus. The chapters in this volume offer insights on a broad range of subjects, including estimates of the indigenous population, differences in education and earnings, trends in fertility and maternal and child health, migration, the environment, and many other demographic, social, and policy issues in the region.