Esperanza de vida
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repositorio.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/handle/123456789/16081
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Item Una aproximación a la mortalidad adulta de las poblaciones indígenas costarricences 1990-2000(Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, 2001) Salazar Figueroa, VirginiaEl propósito del presente trabajo es identificar, mediante una aproximación, las particularidades más importantes de la mortalidad asociada a las poblaciones indígenas costarricenses. Como una forma de contextualizar el comportamiento de esta variable, en el documento también se incluyen referencias importantes relativas a las características de orden sociocultural y geográfico de las localidades en donde están ubicadas las distintas etnias. Sin que pretenda ser un estudio integral, si se constituye en un esfuerzo por proporcionar mayores elementos al saber sobre las particularidades que identifican la mortalidad ocurrida al interior de estos colectivos.Item Genetic, dietary, and other lifestyle determinants of serum homocysteine levels in young adults in Costa Rica(Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, vol17(4), 2005) Holst Schumacher, Ileana; Monge Rojas, Rafael; Cambronero Gutiérrez, Priscilla; Brenes Camacho, GilbertObjective: Elevated serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to develop the first-ever information on the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and its determinants in a population in Costa Rica. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine serum levels of tHcy, vitamin B12, folate and creatinine, as well as the presence of the genotype TT for the methylentetratrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme. Additionally, dietary vitamin intakes and other lifestyle risk factors were assessed. A total of 399 Costa Rican adults from the central valley of the country (where the capital city, San José, is located), aged 20 to 40 years, participated in this study in the year 2000. Analyses of variance were performed for continuous variables, and the chi-square test was used for categorical data. Spearman correlation tests were calculated to determine associations between variables. Three linear regression analyses and one binary logistic model were developed in order to determine the predictors for homocysteine levels in the population studied. Results: The overall prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia ( over 15 umol/L) in the population was 6%, 31% of the population were in the range of 10 to 15 umol/L, 29% had the genotype TT for the enzyme MTHFR, 18% presented a vitamin B12 deficiency ( less 165 pmol/L), and none of the persons had low serum folate levels (less 7,0 nmol/l). No significant associations were found between tHcy and age, smoking, consuming alcohol, or dietary vitamin intake. Conclusions: Only serum vitamin B12 levels and the genotype TT of the enzyme MTHFR were considered significant predictors of high serum tHcy levels in the Costa Rica population studied.Item The vanishing advantage of longevity in Nicoya, Costa Rica: A cohort shif(Demographic Research, vol.49 (27, 2023) Rosero Bixby, LuisBACKGROUND The Nicoya region in Costa Rica has been identified as one of a handful of hotspots of extreme longevity. The evidence supporting this status comes mostly from observing the 1990 and 2000 decades and cohorts born before 1930. OBJECTIVE To determine how the longevity advantage of older men in Nicoya has progressed in the period 1990 to 2020 and in cohorts born from 1900 to 1950. METHODS Remaining length of life and adult mortality were estimated using new public administrative records from the electoral system and a Gompertz regression model. A new nationwide survival-time database of 550,000 adult Costa Ricans who were alive at any point during 1990–2020 was put together. RESULTS The longevity advantage of Nicoya is disappearing in a trend driven mostly by cohort effects. While Nicoyan males born in 1905 had 33% lower adult mortality rates than other Costa Ricans, those born in 1945 had 10% higher rates. The original geographic hotspot of low elderly mortality, coined the Nicoya blue zone, has decreased to a small area south of the peninsula around the corridor from Hojancha inland to the beach town of Sámara. However, Nicoyans born before 1930 who are still alive continue to show exceptionally high longevity. CONCLUSIONS Surviving Nicoyan males born before 1930 are exceptional human beings living longer than expected lives. Not so for more recent cohorts. The window of opportunity to meet and study pre-1930 individuals is closing.Item Mortality among young Nicaraguan immigrants to Costa Rica: deaths from disease versus injury(Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, Volumen 13, número 1 (julio-diciembre 2015), 2015) Bonilla, Róger Enrique; Chavarría, Juan B.The aim of this research was to investigate mortality among young Nicaraguan immigrants to Costa Rica (disease versus injury deaths) and compare it with the young native population. The study focused on persons aged 15 to 34 years, due to the relative importance of the injury deaths in this age group. Deaths (numerators) and population data (denominators), which were obtained from the 10th Population and Housing Census 2000, were used to calculate the mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants. The relative risk (RR) results from dividing each set of causal standardized mortality rates. Approximately 66% of deaths among Nicaraguan immigrants are injury deaths versus 57% for the native population. Immigrants have higher relative risks (RR) of mortality than natives for injury deaths (homicides RR=2.00, other accidents RR=1.70, and vehicular accidents RR=1.17). We emphasize that Nicaraguan immigrants have twice the risk of dying from homicide than the native population.Item Las muertes violentas en Costa Rica y sus inequidades geográficas(Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, Volumen 11, número 1 (julio-diciembre 2013), 2013) Chamizo García, Horacio AlejandroSe presenta un estudio exploratorio ecológico sobre las muertes violentas en Costa Rica, sus inequidades geográficas y determinantes sociales. Se calculó la mortalidad proporcional asociada a muertes violentas (accidentes de transporte, otros accidentes, suicidios y homicidios) con enfoque en grupos etarios y se representó cartográficamente. Se elaboraron mapas del riesgo estandarizado de muerte y se analizó su patrón espacial al establecer correlaciones lineales con el índice de desarrollo humano. El grupo etario de 15 a 34 años es el más afectado por las muertes violentas, a esas edades aproximadamente una de cada dos muertes se debe a estas causas. Los territorios con mayor riesgo de morir por muertes violentas se localizan en zonas fronterizas y costeras, y tienden a presentar menor esperanza de vida. En la medida que disminuye el índice de desarrollo humano se tiende a incrementar el riesgo de morir por causa de la violencia.Item Evolución de la esperanza de vida de Costa Rica en el contexto global (1930-2010) = Evolution of life expectancy in Costa Rica in global context (1930-2010)(Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, Volumen 10, número 1 (julio-diciembre 2012), 2012) Peláez Herreros, OscarEsta investigación analiza la evolución de la esperanza de vida al nacimiento en Costa Rica en el marco de las dinámicas globales de esta variable con el objetivo de encontrar factores que ayuden a explicar sus fases de crecimiento acelerado, desaceleración y estancamiento. Para ello, en primer lugar, recurriendo a los conceptos de convergencia β y σ, se confirma la existencia de un proceso generalizado de convergencia al alza de las esperanzas de vida de las distintas poblaciones del mundo. Posteriormente, se advierte que, hasta principios de la década de los ochenta, la serie de Costa Rica se aproximó a la de mejores prácticas a un ritmo superior a la media, para, a partir de entonces, ralentizar su crecimiento y evolucionar en paralelo a la serie de máximos. Tras integrar las explicaciones de la dinámica particular de la serie de Costa Rica en el marco general, donde el margen existente para incorporar innovaciones es relevante, se estudian los factores estructurales que pueden estar limitando la capacidad de ciertas poblaciones para adoptar las mejores prácticas vigentes en cada momento, impidiendo que su brecha respecto al máximo se cierre completamente, como es el caso de Costa Rica desde 1980. Para ello, se estima un modelo de datos de panel con dinámica de errores que ofrece evidencia de que el porcentaje del producto interno bruto destinado a gasto público en salud y, especialmente, el grado de urbanización son variables relevantes en este sentido.