Luis Rosero Bixby
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Item Crónica de la pandemia de Covid-19 en Costa Rica(Consejo Nacional de Rectores. Programa Estado de la Nación, 2021) Rosero Bixby, Luis; Jiménez Fontana, PamelaEsta crónica va más allá de una recopilación descriptiva de los principales indicadores que dan cuenta de la pandemia. A partir de referencias comparativas, tanto de naturaleza histórica como con la América Latina actual, el texto identifica las olas pandémicas, su severidad, y proporciona elementos sugestivos para valorar, de manera inicial, temas relevantes sobre la eficacia de las respuestas de política pública. Con todo, se trata de una primera aproximación que, naturalmente, debe ser complementada por estudios más exhaustivos en los distintos ámbitos en años venideros. El Aporte Especial, de carácter sintético, se organiza en cinco secciones además de esta introducción. La segunda sección efectúa una referencia histórica sobre pandemias anteriores en Costa Rica. La tercera parte brinda un contexto global para entender la pandemia del covid- 19. La cuarta y quinta secciones constituyen la parte medular del documento, pues se enfocan en la severidad y dinámica de esta pandemia, incluyendo análisis preliminares sobre la oportunidad y efectos de algunas respuestas públicas. El texto cierra con las conclusiones.Item Altitude and regional gradients in chronic kidney disease prevalence in Costa Rica : data from the Costa Rican longevity and healthy aging study(Tropical Medicine & International Health; Volumen 21, Número 1, 2016) Harhay, Meera N.; Harhay, Michael O.; Coto Yglesias, Fernando; Rosero Bixby, LuisObjectives Recent studies in Central America indicate that mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising rapidly. We sought to determine the prevalence and regional variation of CKD and the relationship of biologic and socio-economic factors to CKD risk in the older-adult population of Costa Rica. Methods We used data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Health Aging Study (CRELES). The cohort was comprised of 2657 adults born before 1946 in Costa Rica, chosen through a sampling algorithm to represent the national population of Costa Ricans >60 years of age. Participants answered questionnaire data and completed laboratory testing. The primary outcome of this study was CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Results The estimated prevalence of CKD for older Costa Ricans was 20% (95% CI 18.5–21.9%). In multivariable logistic regression, older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.08 per year, 95% CI 1.07–1.10, P < 0.001) was independently associated with CKD. For every 200 m above sea level of residence, subjects' odds of CKD increased 26% (aOR 1.26 95% CI 1.15–1.38, P < 0.001). There was large regional variation in adjusted CKD prevalence, highest in Limon (40%, 95% CI 30–50%) and Guanacaste (36%, 95% CI 26–46%) provinces. Regional and altitude effects remained robust after adjustment for socio-economic status. Conclusions We observed large regional and altitude-related variations in CKD prevalence in Costa Rica, not explained by the distribution of traditional CKD risk factors. More studies are needed to explore the potential association of geographic and environmental exposures with the risk of CKD.