Luis Rosero Bixby
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Item Planificación familiar(Encuesta Nacional de Salud Reproductiva, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, 1994) Rosero Bixby, LuisEn este capítulo se presentan los resultados de la encuesta referentes al conocimiento, difusión y uso de la planificación familiar en Costa Rica. En el análisis se aborda el uso en el pasado, la adopción por vez primera y el uso actual de métodos anticonceptivos, así como algunas características del uso de los dos más importantes métodos en el país: los orales y la esterilización. Aunque la encuesta investigó el tema entre todas las entrevistadas, en este informe los resultados se refieren a las mujeres que están en unión legal o consensual únicamente. La principal razón para referir el análisis a este grupo es comparativa: encuestas previas en Costa Rica y encuestas en otros países siguen este mismo procedimiento. La razón de fondo para dejar fuera a las mujeres que no están en unión es que en su gran mayoría no se encuentran en riesgo de embarazo y por lo tanto no requieren usar anticonceptivos. Sin embargo, la sección final de este capítulo presenta algunos resultados para las mujeres no unidasItem Do biological measures mediate the relationship between education and health : a comparative study(Social Science & Medicine 72 (2011), 2010) Goldman, Noreen; Turra, Cassio M.; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Weir, David; Crimmins, EileenDespite a myriad of studies examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, few have assessed the extent to which biological markers of chronic disease account for social disparities in health. Studies that have examined this issue have generally been based on surveys in wealthy countries that include a small set of clinicalmarkers of cardiovascular disease. The availability of recent data from nationally representative surveys of older adults in Costa Rica and Taiwan that collected a rich set of biomarkers comparable to those in a recent US survey permits us to explore these associations across diverse populations. Similar regression models were estimated on three data setsethe Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study in Taiwan, the Costa Rican Study on Longevity and Healthy Aging, and the Health and Retirement Study in the USA e in order to assess (1) the strength of the associations between educational attainment and a broad range of biomarkers; and (2) the extent to which these biomarkers account for the relationships between education and two measures of health status (self-rated health, functional limitations) in older populations. The estimates suggest non-systematic and weak associations between education and high risk biomarker values in Taiwan and Costa Rica, in contrast to generally negative and significant associations in the US, especially among women. The results also reveal negligible or modest contributions of the biomarkers to educational disparities in the health outcomes. The findings are generally consistent with previous research suggesting stronger associations between socioeconomic status and health in wealthy countries than in middle-income countries and may reflect higher levels of social stratification in the US. With access to an increasing number of longitudinal biosocial surveys, researchers may be better able to distinguish true variations in the relationship between socioeconomic status and health across different settings from methodological differences.