Fecundidad y Planificación familiar
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repositorio.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/handle/123456789/16040
Browse
5 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Item Interaction diffusion and fertility transition in Costa Rica(Social Forces; Vol. 73, No. 2, 1994) Rosero Bixby, Luis; Casterline, John B.A long-standing concern of sociologists is the contribution of diffusion processes to social change. This article considers the contribution of social interaction diffusion to the fertility transition in Costa Rica, focusing on person-to-person contagion. Several prominent features of the Costa Rican transition suggest the existence of interaction diffusion effects, notably its pervasiveness toward all socioeconomic strata and the lack of evidence of a downward shift in family size preferences. Maps of the timing of fertility transition show an ordered spatial pattern suggestive of contagion between neighboring areas. A dynamic regression model estimated from pooled time series data for 100 counties reveals inter- and within-county diffusion effects on birth control adoption net of socioeconomic and family-planning program effects.Item Difusión por interacción social y transición de la fecundidad : evidencia cuantitativa y cualitativa de Costa Rica(Notas de Población, Vol. 23, No. 61, 1995) Rosero Bixby, Luis; Casterline, John B.Las teorías explicativas de la transición de la fecundidad en Costa Rica y otros países suelen enfatizar el impacto de los cambios socioeconómicos sobre la demanda de hijos y el incremento de la oferta a través de programas de planificación familiar. Este articulo va mas allá de este paradigma de oferta y demanda y examina la contribución adicional del “contagio” por interacción social de la planificación familiar. En procura de precisión conceptual, el documento usa un modelo dinámico sencillo para simular un proceso de transición de la fecundidad con efectos de difusión por interacción. Datos de Costa Rica sugieren de diversas maneras la presencia de efectos de difusión, en particular el hecho de que la transición ocurrió en todos los grupos sociales y la inexistencia de una reducción contemporánea en las preferencias de fecundidad. Mapas de la secuencia temporal en la transición indican un patrón de ordenamiento espacial que es sugestivo de contagio entre aereas vecinas. Análisis de regresión múltiple con areas pequeñas revelan efectos de contagio en la adopción de control natal inter e intra areas. Discusiones en grupos focales ilustran situaciones del diario vivir en que tuvo lugar la difusión de la planificación familiar por interacción. Estas discusiones también dan pistas sobre las circunstancias bajo las cuales ocurrió la difusión, así como sobre los cambios más importantes en los valores que acompañaron la transición de la fecundidad en Costa Rica. Explanations of the fertility transition in Costa Rica, as elsewhere in developing societies, have stressed the impacts of socioeconomic changes on the demand for children and of increased supply of f amily planning services. This paper goes beyond this demand-supply paradigm and examines the additional causal contribution of the "contagion" of birth control practices by social interaction. Aiming at conceptual precision, a simple dynamic model is used to simulate a f ertility transition process with interaction diffusion effects. An inspection of the data about the Costa Rican transition shows severa! characteristics suggesting interaction diffusion effects, notably its pervasiveness toward all socioeconomic strata and the lack of evidence of a downward shift in fertility pref eren ces. Maps of the timing of fertility transition indicate an ordered spatial pattem suggestive of contagion between neighboring areas. An areal regression analysis reveals inter- and within-area contagion eff ects on birth control adoption. Focus group discussions show real-life situations of interaction diffusion f or birth control adoption. These discussions also give qualitative hints of the circumstances surrounding diffusion of birth control, as well as give hints of major value changes that paralleled fertility transition in Costa Rica.Item The declining effect of sibling size on children's education in Costa Rica(Demographic Research; Volumen 31, Número 48, 2014) Li, Jing; Dow, William H.; Rosero Bixby, LuisBackground: Costa Rica experienced a dramatic fertility decline in the 1960s and 1970s. The same period saw substantial improvement in children’s educational attainment in Costa Rica. This correlation is consistent with household-level quantity-quality tradeoffs, but prior research on quantity-quality tradeoff magnitudes is mixed, and little research has estimated quantity-quality tradeoff behaviors in Latin America. Objective: This study explores one dimension of the potential demographic dividend from the fertility decline: the extent to which it was accompanied by quantity-quality tradeoffs leading to higher educational attainment. Specifically, we provide the first estimate of quantity-quality tradeoffs in Costa Rica, analyzing the increase in secondary school attendance among Costa Rican children as the number of siblings decreases. Furthermore, we advance the literature by exploring how that tradeoff has changed over time. Methods: We use 1984 and 2000 Costa Rican census data as well as survey data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES). To address endogenous family size, the analysis uses an instrumental variable strategy based on the gender of the first two children to identify the causal relationship between number of siblings and children’s education. Results: We find that, among our earlier cohorts, having fewer siblings is associated with a significantly higher probability of having attended at least one year of secondary school, particularly among girls. The effect is stronger after we account for the endogeneity of number of children born by the mother. For birth cohorts after 1980 this relationship largely disappears. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence for a declining quantity-quality (Q-Q) tradeoff in Costa Rica. This result suggests one potential explanation for the heterogeneous findings in prior studies elsewhere, but more work will be required to understand why such tradeoffs might vary across time and context.Item Is low fertility really a problem? Population aging, dependency, and consumption(Population aging, dependency, and consumption, 2014) Lee, Ronald; Mason, Andrew; Amporfu, Eugenia; An, Chong-Bum; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Bravo, Jorge; Bucheli, Marisa; Chen, Qiulin; Comelatto, Pablo; Coy, Deidra; Donehower, Gretchen; Dramani, Latif; Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia; Gal, Robert I.; Holz, Mauricio; [y 39 más]Longer lives and fertility far below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman are leading to rapid population aging in many countries. Many observers are concerned that aging will adversely affect public finances and standards of living. Analysis of newly available National Transfer Accounts data for 40 countries shows that fertility well above replacement would typically be most beneficial for government budgets. However, fertility near replacement would be most beneficial for standards of living when the analysis includes the effects of age structure on families as well as governments. And fertility below replacement would maximize per capita consumption when the cost of providing capital for a growing labor force is taken into account. Although low fertility will indeed challenge government programs and very low fertility undermines living standards, we find that moderately low fertility and population decline favor the broader material standard of living.Item El descenso de la natalidad en Costa Rica(Asociación Demográfica Costarricense, 1984) Rosero Bixby, LuisEn 1979 la población de este pequeño país del istmo centroamericano alcanzó los 2,2 millones de habitantes, distribuidos en un territorio de 51 mil kilómetros cuadrados. La densidad demográfica de Costa Rica resulta así de 43 personas por cada kilómetro cuadrado de superficie, lo que le ubica como el tercer país más densamente poblado de la América Continental, siendo superado únicamente por Guatemala y El Salvador. No obstante que en Costa Rica ha tenido lugar un importante proceso de urbanización, el país continúa siendo predominantemente rural, con un 59 por ciento de la población clasificada en esta categoría, según el censo de 1973. El principal núcleo urbano es el Area Metropolitana de San José, cuya población representa la cuarta parte de la de todo el país. Este núcleo está ubicado en la región montañosa central, la cual a pesar de comprender solamente el 15 por ciento del territorio nacional es asiento de algo más del 60 por ciento de la población. Los habitantes del país gozan de un nivel de bienestar superior al promedio latinoamericano, que se refleja en la cifra de cerca de 1 700 dólares de producto interno bruto per cápita alcanzado en 1978. Pero, más importante que este tipo de índices, es el alto grado de desarrollo social alcanzado por medio de fuertes programas de educación, salud, seguridad social y otros que, por ejemplo, le han permitido a Costa Rica reducir el analfabetismo a menos del 10 por ciento (5 por ciento entre las generaciones más jóvenes) y la mortalidad infantil a 22 por mil nacimientos en 1978.