Fecundidad y Planificación familiar
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Item Child mortality and the fertility transition: aggregated and multilevel evidence from Costa Rica(From death to birth: mortality decline and reproductive change. National Academy Press, 1998) Rosero Bixby, LuisThe author explores whether reduced child mortality is needed in order to realize fertility transition by examining empirical evidence from Costa Rica, a developing country which decreased both child mortality and birth rates. Costa Rica's record is examined at the aggregate and individual levels. A strong association between child mortality and fertility is well documented in the literature. The role of child mortality on contemporary fertility transitions is considered, with geographic information system data used to obtain a clear definition of the area within a radius of 5 km in rural areas and 1 km in urban areas from the index household. Focus is given to the adoption of family planning for the first time as the dependent variable. Costa Rican national trends during the century are analyzed, followed by an examination of the role of child mortality upon the fertility transition at the micro- and macro-level. The analysis at each level first explores bivariate associations, then the multivariate associations with the purpose of isolating net effects. The macro-level analysis is based upon data from 89 Costa Rican counties.Item Population Programs and Fertility(Population and Development Review; Volumen 27, Número: Global Fertility Transition, 2001) Rosero Bixby, LuisUnderstanding the rationale and sources of support for population programs is crucial for assessing their impact and chances of survival. One of the most notable features of population agencies and programs is that not long ago—in the 1950s—they were unthinkable. "To govern is to populate" was the unquestioned principle of good government attributed to Juan Bautista Alberdi, the nineteenth-century statesman and philosopher from Argentina. How did governments come to abandon this principle and establish birth control programs (later called euphemistically "family planning" and "reproductive health" programs)? The answer "rapid population growth" or "high demographic density" may seem obvious to demographers but it is not so obvious for politicians, especially considering the opposition to birth control by religious authorities and other powerful interest groups and the nationalist pride associated with large populations.Item Is low fertility really a problem? Population aging, dependency, and consumption(Population aging, dependency, and consumption, 2014) Lee, Ronald; Mason, Andrew; Amporfu, Eugenia; An, Chong-Bum; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Bravo, Jorge; Bucheli, Marisa; Chen, Qiulin; Comelatto, Pablo; Coy, Deidra; Donehower, Gretchen; Dramani, Latif; Fürnkranz-Prskawetz, Alexia; Gal, Robert I.; Holz, Mauricio; [y 39 más]Longer lives and fertility far below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman are leading to rapid population aging in many countries. Many observers are concerned that aging will adversely affect public finances and standards of living. Analysis of newly available National Transfer Accounts data for 40 countries shows that fertility well above replacement would typically be most beneficial for government budgets. However, fertility near replacement would be most beneficial for standards of living when the analysis includes the effects of age structure on families as well as governments. And fertility below replacement would maximize per capita consumption when the cost of providing capital for a growing labor force is taken into account. Although low fertility will indeed challenge government programs and very low fertility undermines living standards, we find that moderately low fertility and population decline favor the broader material standard of living.