Guías de diseño, inspección, prueba y mantenimiento para sistemas de protección activa a base de agua en condominios verticales
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2023
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Abstract
Este proyecto se realizó con el fin de facilitar el diseño de sistemas de protección contra incendios (SPCI) a los profesionales en ingeniería mecánica, particularmente en los proyectos enfocados en protección activa a base de agua en condominios verticales, los cuales requieren de un análisis detallado de gran cantidad de normas, donde se presentan muchos detalles a considerar e información adicional a ellas. Los sistemas de protección contra incendios en los edificios de condominios verticales deben tener como objetivo principal la seguridad, protección de los habitantes y la integridad estructural de los edificios, por lo que es importante considerar que, en Costa Rica, más del 50% de los incendios en los últimos años se presentan en estructuras clasificadas como “Residencial”. Además, en el país no se cuenta con un registro o estadísticas del funcionamiento de los rociadores, entre tanto en Estados Unidos de América, el 88% de los sistemas son efectivos mientras que el 12% fallan. De los fallos, el 59% se debe a sistemas apagados, por lo que contar con un mantenimiento de estos sistemas es un pilar de la protección. Para resolver estas problemáticas se elaboró una guía de diseño, inspección, y mantenimiento donde se incluyó los aspectos más relevantes requeridos en las normas NFPA 10, 13, 14, 20, 24 y 25 en cuanto a diseño, distribución y selección del tipo de rociadores, tuberías y mangueras, componentes como válvulas, sistemas de bombeo, soportería antisísmica y cálculos hidráulicos entre otros. Este documento es una herramienta que permite orientar a los profesionales en diversas áreas, que desean conocer sobre las normativas, e incluye información que permite minimizar los errores que con mayor frecuencia se presentan en los planos de construcción, y son devueltos en las revisiones que realiza Ingeniería de Bomberos de Costa Rica. Además, contribuye a que se implementen programas de inspección...
This project was carried out in order to facilitate the design of fire protection systems (SPCI) for professionals in mechanical engineering, particularly in projects focused on water- based active protection in vertical condominiums, which require a detailed analysis. of a large number of standards, where many details to consider and additional information are presented. Fire protection systems in vertical condominium buildings must have as their main objective the security, protection of the inhabitants and the structural integrity of the buildings, so it is important to consider that, in Costa Rica, more than 50% of the Fires in recent years have occurred in structures classified as "Residential". In addition, the country does not have a record or statistics on the operation of sprinklers, while in the United States of America, 88% of the systems are effective while 12% fail. Of the failures, 59% are due to shutdown systems, so having these systems maintained is a pillar of protection. In order to solve these problems, a design, inspection and maintenance guide was prepared, which included the most relevant aspects required in the NFPA 10, 13, 14, 20, 24 and 25 standards in terms of design, distribution and selection of the type of sprinklers. pipes and hoses, components such as valves, pumping systems, anti-seismic support and hydraulic calculations among others. This document is a tool that allows to guide professionals in various areas, who want to know about the regulations, and includes information that allows minimizing the errors that most frequently appear in construction plans and are returned in the reviews that are carried out. Fire Engineering of Costa Rica. Also, help owners implement inspection and maintenance programs by including recommended inspection and maintenance routines to use after installation is complete.
This project was carried out in order to facilitate the design of fire protection systems (SPCI) for professionals in mechanical engineering, particularly in projects focused on water- based active protection in vertical condominiums, which require a detailed analysis. of a large number of standards, where many details to consider and additional information are presented. Fire protection systems in vertical condominium buildings must have as their main objective the security, protection of the inhabitants and the structural integrity of the buildings, so it is important to consider that, in Costa Rica, more than 50% of the Fires in recent years have occurred in structures classified as "Residential". In addition, the country does not have a record or statistics on the operation of sprinklers, while in the United States of America, 88% of the systems are effective while 12% fail. Of the failures, 59% are due to shutdown systems, so having these systems maintained is a pillar of protection. In order to solve these problems, a design, inspection and maintenance guide was prepared, which included the most relevant aspects required in the NFPA 10, 13, 14, 20, 24 and 25 standards in terms of design, distribution and selection of the type of sprinklers. pipes and hoses, components such as valves, pumping systems, anti-seismic support and hydraulic calculations among others. This document is a tool that allows to guide professionals in various areas, who want to know about the regulations, and includes information that allows minimizing the errors that most frequently appear in construction plans and are returned in the reviews that are carried out. Fire Engineering of Costa Rica. Also, help owners implement inspection and maintenance programs by including recommended inspection and maintenance routines to use after installation is complete.
Description
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica con énfasis en protección contra incendios)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023
Keywords
CONDOMINIO - INCENDIOS Y PREVENCION DEL FUEGO - NORMAS, CONSTRUCCIONES A PRUEBA DE INCENDIOS - DISEÑO, EVALUACION DE RIESGOS CONTRA INCENDIOS, INGENIERIA DE PROTECCION CONTRA INCENDIOS, MANTENIBILIDAD (INGENIERIA)