Formulación y evaluación de proyectos de Vivienda Urbana Inclusiva y Sostenible (VUIS) en la zona central de San José, Costa Rica
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2022
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Abstract
La zona central de San José, compuesta por sus 4 distritos centrales Carmen, Hospital, Merced y Catedral suele concebida como insalubre e insegura, especialmente por personas jóvenes y familias. Debido a esto, al zona ha ido perdiendo residentes constantemente desde 1980. Esta reducción de la población trae consigo un abandono parcial de la cuidad que permite el establecimiento de asentamientos informales y evita que se desarrollen nuevos proyectos de vivienda. En búsqueda de combatir este comportamiento se formó una alianza entre el MIVAH, BANHVI y el CFIA para promover la modalidad de vivienda VUIS como una alternativa de vivienda accesible para familias de ingresos medios y bajos que permitiera reciclar la gran cantidad de viviendas abandonadas en San José centro, cambiándolas por pequeños condominios verticales. En este proyecto se estudió la factibilidad de desarrollar proyectos VUIS en los 4 distritos centrales de San José basándose en un modelo BIM previamente creado para un proyecto con 3 niveles cada uno con un apartamento de 2 habitaciones. Se desarrolló un estudio de mercado basado en una encuesta de gustos y necesidades del público meta que concluyó en un la caracterización del nicho comercial aprovechable por las desarrolladoras inmobiliarias interesadas en la modalidad. Se realizó un estudio técnico que validó el modelo BIM usado y analizó el marco legal y tramitológico que compete a los proyectos VUIS. Se desarrolló un estudio económico donde se determinaron los costos totales del proyecto, se proyectaron las ganancias obtenibles del mismo y se comparó este con otras modalidades de inversión con resultados favorables. Finalmente se analizó el panorama de riesgo al que se expone el proyecto y se plantearon medidas de atención para estos. La modalidad VUIS, si bien tiene aspectos mejorables es una herramienta que puede colaborar en los objetivos de densificación urbana y enriquecimiento...
Inglés: Downtown San José, composed of the 4 central districts Carmen, Hospital, Merced and Catedral is usually conceived as unsanitary and insecure, especially for young people and families. Because of this, the area has been constantly losing residents since 1980. This decrease in population comes along with a partial abandonment of the city that allows for the establishment of informal settlements and prevents the development of new housing projects. In search of fighting this behavior an alliance was formed between the MIVAH, BANHVI and CFIA to promote the VUIS housing model as an accessible alternative to mid and low incomes families and as a way of recycling the great number of abandoned residences in downtown San José, swapping these for small vertical condominiums. This project studied the feasibility of developing VUIS projects in the 4 central districts of San José basing of a BIM model previously created for a 3-level project, each level with one 2-bedroom apartment. A marked study was developed based in a tastes and preferences poll that concluded with the characterization of the commercial niche available for the real state developing companies interested in the model. A technical study was also done for validating the BIM model and analyzed the legal and tramitological framework the project is circumscribed into. A financial study was done to determine the total costs attributed to the project, estimate the possible earnings, and compared it to other investment modalities with favorable results. Finally, the risk scenarios which may affect the project were studied and countermeasures were created for the most unfavorable cases. The VUIS model, even though has aspects that can be improved on, is a tool that can be useful to help in the urban densification and social enrichment objectives for the city of San José while it provides with affordable housing options for the real estate market.
Inglés: Downtown San José, composed of the 4 central districts Carmen, Hospital, Merced and Catedral is usually conceived as unsanitary and insecure, especially for young people and families. Because of this, the area has been constantly losing residents since 1980. This decrease in population comes along with a partial abandonment of the city that allows for the establishment of informal settlements and prevents the development of new housing projects. In search of fighting this behavior an alliance was formed between the MIVAH, BANHVI and CFIA to promote the VUIS housing model as an accessible alternative to mid and low incomes families and as a way of recycling the great number of abandoned residences in downtown San José, swapping these for small vertical condominiums. This project studied the feasibility of developing VUIS projects in the 4 central districts of San José basing of a BIM model previously created for a 3-level project, each level with one 2-bedroom apartment. A marked study was developed based in a tastes and preferences poll that concluded with the characterization of the commercial niche available for the real state developing companies interested in the model. A technical study was also done for validating the BIM model and analyzed the legal and tramitological framework the project is circumscribed into. A financial study was done to determine the total costs attributed to the project, estimate the possible earnings, and compared it to other investment modalities with favorable results. Finally, the risk scenarios which may affect the project were studied and countermeasures were created for the most unfavorable cases. The VUIS model, even though has aspects that can be improved on, is a tool that can be useful to help in the urban densification and social enrichment objectives for the city of San José while it provides with affordable housing options for the real estate market.
Description
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, 2022
Keywords
CONSTRUCCION SOSTENIBLE - ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS - SAN JOSE (COSTA RICA), PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO, VIVIENDA POPULAR - SAN JOSE (COSTA RICA) - DISEÑOS Y PLANOS