Análisis de la capacidad hidráulica de los sumideros para aguas pluviales instalados en las fincas de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el cantón de Montes de Oca
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2024
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Abstract
Este proyecto propone analizar la capacidad hidráulica de los sumideros en el sistema de drenaje pluvial en Costa Rica, centrándose en las fincas de la sede Rodrigo Facio de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El estudio se desarrolla en 4 fases paralelas : Levantamiento en sitio en las fincas de la sede Rodrigo Facio, revisión de la normativa nacional, recopilación, análisis del estado del arte y estudio de los diseños de mercado. El levantamiento de campo indica la presencia de 286 sumideros de 16 tipos en las fincas, todos compartiendo el mismo tipo de rejilla. La revisión de la normativa nacional revela deficiencias, como la falta de directrices integrales para diseñadores y un único diseño establecido (tragante tipo AyA). En cuanto a los sumideros de mercado, prevalece la oferta de ésta misma rejilla tipo AyA. Los proveedores desconocen la eficiencia y metodologías del diseño hidráulico para sus rejillas. La mayoría de las ecuaciones estudiadas están basadas en ensayos de laboratorio. Los estudios y pruebas de laboratorio a nivel general revelan una baja eficiencia hidráulica de las rejillas. La capacidad de captación de los sumideros depende de diferentes variables, como el caudal de flujo, las pendientes y la geometría de la rejilla entre otras. A partir de la información recopilada se seleccionan las metodologías y ecuaciones de diseño, y se evalúa la capacidad hidráulica de los sumideros instalados en las 3 fincas de la sede Rodrigo Facio de la Universidad de Costa Rica, el diseño identificado en la normativa nacional y algunos diseños que ofrecen los principales distribuidores del mercado nacional. Los resultados muestran que la eficiencia de las rejillas es baja, oscilando entre 20% y 50% lo que incide en la capacidad del sistema pluvial. Un aumento en el caudal frontal incrementa la profundidad y velocidad del flujo. Para sumideros simples con rejilla, la capacidad de captación disminuye al aumentar la altura...
Inglés: This project proposes to analyze the hydraulic capacity of stormwater drains in the drainage system in Costa Rica, focusing on the properties of the Rodrigo Facio campus of the University of Costa Rica. The study is conducted in 4 parallel phases: Site survey at the Rodrigo Facio campus properties, review of national regulations, compilation, analysis of the state of the art, and study of market designs. The field survey indicates the presence of 286 drains of 16 types on the properties, all sharing the same type of grate. The review of national regulations reveals deficiencies, such as the lack of comprehensive guidelines for designers and a single established design (AyA type drain). As for market drains, the offer of this same AyA type grate prevails. Suppliers are unaware of the efficiency and methodologies of hydraulic design for their grates. Most of the studied equations are based on laboratory tests. General laboratory studies and tests reveal a low hydraulic efficiency of the grates. The capacity of the drains depends on different variables, such as flow rate, slopes, and grate geometry, among others. Based on the collected information, design methodologies and equations are selected, and the hydraulic capacity of the drains installed on the 3 properties of the Rodrigo Facio campus of the University of Costa Rica, the design identified in national regulations, and some designs offered by the main distributors of the national market are evaluated. The results show that the efficiency of the grates is low, ranging from 20% to 50%, which affects the capacity of the stormwater system. An increase in the frontal flow rate increases the depth and velocity of the flow. For simple drains with grates, the capture capacity decreases as the flow height increases due to the generation of lateral flow not drained by the grate. The capture capacity improves for drains combined with double grates and base. The relevance of the width of the grate over...
Inglés: This project proposes to analyze the hydraulic capacity of stormwater drains in the drainage system in Costa Rica, focusing on the properties of the Rodrigo Facio campus of the University of Costa Rica. The study is conducted in 4 parallel phases: Site survey at the Rodrigo Facio campus properties, review of national regulations, compilation, analysis of the state of the art, and study of market designs. The field survey indicates the presence of 286 drains of 16 types on the properties, all sharing the same type of grate. The review of national regulations reveals deficiencies, such as the lack of comprehensive guidelines for designers and a single established design (AyA type drain). As for market drains, the offer of this same AyA type grate prevails. Suppliers are unaware of the efficiency and methodologies of hydraulic design for their grates. Most of the studied equations are based on laboratory tests. General laboratory studies and tests reveal a low hydraulic efficiency of the grates. The capacity of the drains depends on different variables, such as flow rate, slopes, and grate geometry, among others. Based on the collected information, design methodologies and equations are selected, and the hydraulic capacity of the drains installed on the 3 properties of the Rodrigo Facio campus of the University of Costa Rica, the design identified in national regulations, and some designs offered by the main distributors of the national market are evaluated. The results show that the efficiency of the grates is low, ranging from 20% to 50%, which affects the capacity of the stormwater system. An increase in the frontal flow rate increases the depth and velocity of the flow. For simple drains with grates, the capture capacity decreases as the flow height increases due to the generation of lateral flow not drained by the grate. The capture capacity improves for drains combined with double grates and base. The relevance of the width of the grate over...
Description
Proyecto de graduación (licenciatura en ingeniería civil)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ingeniería. Escuela de Ingeniería Civil. Departamento de Hidraúlica y Ambiental, 2024
Keywords
ALCANTARILLAS, ESTRUCTURAS HIDRAULICAS - EVALUACION, INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA, REJILLAS - EVALUACION