6. Biblioteca del Centro Centroamericano de Población

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El Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP) es un centro de investigaciones de la Universidad de Costa Rica, establecido inicialmente en 1993 como un Programa adscrito a la Escuela de Estadística. El CCP tiene un área de acción multidisciplinaria en la investigación, capacitación y diseminación de información en población con un ámbito Centroamericano.

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Dirección: De la Fuente de la Hispanidad 100 este, 100 norte y 100 este.
San Pedro de Montes de Oca.
Centro Centroamericano de Población,
Universidad de Costa Rica
San José 2060, Costa Rica.

Correo electrónico: ccp@ucr.ac.cr

Teléfonos:
(506) 2511-1452,
(506) 2511-1450,
(506) 2511-1716 (Biblioteca)

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Start date: 2021

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 22
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    Estimaciones y proyecciones nacionales de población 1950-2100 : documento metodológico
    (Instituto Nacional de Estadìstica y Censos, 2024) Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos
    El presente documento ofrece una síntesis del proceso que implicó la definición de la población base para la actualización de las estimaciones y proyecciones de población 1950 - 2100, así como de la metodología desarrollada para la proyección de cada uno de los componentes del cambio demográfico, a saber, mortalidad, fecundidad y migración y, finalmente, el proceso para obtener las estimaciones y proyecciones de la población por sexo y edad. Este es el resultado de un proceso de conciliación demográfica que abarcó el periodo 1950 - 2022, implicó el análisis y evaluación de distintas fuentes de datos demográficos, entre las que se pueden citar; estadísticas vitales, censos, encuestas a hogares y diversos registros administrativos. Así como la implementación de una metodología para la proyección que se ajustara, de la mejor manera, a la dinámica demográfica que presenta el país. Para realizar el proceso de conciliación demográfica y la definición de la metodología de proyección, se contó con el valioso acompañamiento técnico del Centro Centroamericano de Población de la Universidad de Costa Rica, CCP-UCR, por medio de los expertos; M. Sc. Jorge Barquero Barquero, director del Centro y del doctor Gilbert Brenes Camacho; además, nos acompañaron en este proceso la doctora Helena Cruz Castanheira, oficial de población y la doctora Guiomar Bay, consultora experta, del Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía, CELADE-CEPAL. Así mismo se contó con el apoyo financiero del Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas. Estas instituciones son consideradas socias estratégicas del INEC, dado que, a lo largo de los años, brindan su incondicional colaboración para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades técnicas del personal en el análisis demográfico y la elaboración de estadísticas oficiales pertinentes y de calidad. El INEC extiende su más sincero agradecimiento a estas instancias, y a todas aquellas instituciones del Sistema de Estadística Nacional (SEN) que colaboraron al brindar sus bases de datos para la elaboración de este importante producto para el país.
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    Social connections, leukocyte telomere length, and all-cause mortality in older adults from Costa Rica : the Costa Rican longevity and healthy aging study (CRELES)
    (Journal of Aging and Health, DOI: 10.1177/08982643251313923, 2025) Gan, Danting; Baylin, Ana; Peterson, Karen E.; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.
    Objectives: To examine the association of social connections with blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and all-cause mortality in older Costa Ricans. Methods: Utilizing data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES), a prospective cohort of 2827 individuals aged 60 and above followed since 2004, we constructed a Social Network Index (SNI) based on marital status, household size, interaction with non-cohabitating adult children, and church attendance. We used linear regression to assess SNI’s association with baseline LTL (N = 1113), and Cox proportional-hazard models to examine SNI’s relationship with all-cause mortality (N = 2735). Results: Higher SNI levels were associated with longer telomeres and decreased all-cause mortality during follow-up. Being married and regular church attendance were associated with 23% and 24% reductions of the all-cause mortality, respectively. Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of social engagement in promoting longevity among older Costa Ricans, suggesting broader implications for aging populations globally.
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    Los trapos sucios se lavan en casa : satisfacción con la pareja en Uruguay
    (Programa de Población (FCS, Udelar), Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2024) Carballo Murillo, Natalia; Jiménez Fontana, Pamela
    La formación de parejas es un entramado de acciones vinculadas con lo personal-individual y lo colectivo-social. Estas acciones se suelen estudiar desde muchas perspectivas. Por ejemplo, desde las semejanzas o diferencias de los emparejados, en dos sentidos: el grupal (endogamia, exogamia) y el de diferentes variables sociales (clase social, estrato socioeconómico, círculo profesional-académico, entre otros). El acto de emparejarse con una persona puede desencadenar a su vez una serie de otros eventos: familia, convivencia, hijos, que se relacionan con otros fenómenos sociales: la distribución de las tareas, los roles, las posibilidades de conciliación entre lo familiar y lo laboral. En la intimidad de la unión, además, suceden eventos que definen la permanencia, los arreglos o la ruptura, eventos que se estudian a la luz de la satisfacción marital. Se trata de eventos que no son estáticos, por lo que, aunque una pareja decida unirse inicialmente a partir de una serie de condiciones sociales, familiares y personales, estos elementos pueden cambiar e incidir en los niveles de satisfacción con la pareja. En nuestra región, hay variedad de transformaciones demográficas que refieren a la formación y disolución de uniones: el aumento de las separaciones, de las uniones libres en parejas de distintos estratos sociales, de las uniones conyugales civiles en detrimento de las religiosas, de la edad a la primera unión, de la edad al primer nacimiento entre otras, en el contexto además del descenso de la fecundidad. Más recientemente, se destaca el aumento de las parejas que deciden no tener hijos, por variedad de motivos: no perder la libertad para realizar el proyecto de vida laboral o educativo, el deseo para asumir el rol como padre o madre o si los gustos, necesidades y proyectos individuales son compatibles con las necesidades que tendría un hijo o hija, la conciencia ecológica y la finitud de la relación (González, García, Baena y Velásquez, 2022). Todas estas transformaciones deben ser analizadas y entendias en su variación generacional, y tomadas en cuenta al estudiar la satisfacción marital. De ese tema se encarga este capítulo, atendiendo a los cambios socioeconómicos y demográficos a los que están expuestas las distintas generaciones en la región latinoamericana, y proponiendo la discusión para Uruguay.
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    The COVID-19 pandemic and fertility decline in Costa Rica: A deep plunge in the first pandemic month, a decelerated decline, and a baby bust due to fleeing migrants
    (International Journal of Population Studies, 2024) Rosero Bixby, Luis
    Using microdata from the administrative birth registry maintained by the electoral authority of Costa Rica, this paper aims to address the knowledge gap concerning childbearing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of rapid fertility decline since before the pandemic, as compared to the scenario in the highly developed countries. Monthly fertility rates for the period between 2018 and 2022 were estimated. The outcome of interest was a year-on-year change in these rates. The major findings of this study are as follows: (i) A short-lived baby bust in the first full month of the pandemic that is similar to falls observed in other countries (the year-on-year decrease of fertility in January 2021 was as high as 24% for some groups); (ii) a pandemic-associated deceleration in the fertility decline, which could be interpreted as a baby boom if the counterfactual were a continuation of the recent pre-pandemic declining trend; (iii) hints of a baby boom later in the pandemic in communities with low socioeconomic status, and especially, in families with several children, which could come from unwanted pregnancies; and (iv) an anomalous drop in births from foreign-born mothers delivered during the first 9 months of the pandemic, which probably stemmed from pandemic-motivated migration out of the country. The fertility plunge in January 2021 seems to be a response to the hardships caused by pandemic mitigation measures in April 2020, as well as by the uncertainties and fears concerning COVID-19, rather than the response to the physiological harm of the disease itself. The native-born Costa Ricans saw some of the lowest total birth rates in the world during the pandemic: 1.14 and 1.13 births per woman in 2021 and 2022, respectively. These rates would have been even lower if the sharp birth decline observed before the pandemic had continued during the two pandemic years under study
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    Socioeconomic inequalities in national transfers accounts in Ecuador 2006 and 2011: did a new socialist government make a difference?
    (The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, vol.27, 2024) Rosero Bixby, Luis
    Latin America is the least egalitarian region in the world. A neo-socialist government in Ecuador prioritized the reduction of socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities. The generational economy is a framework to understand the economic lifecycle and to link demographic change with people’s well-being. This article aims to uncover SES-driven inequalities in the generational economy of Ecuador: did public transfers modify them from 2006 to 2011? National transfer accounts (NTA) were disaggregated by SES quartiles, which were defined by the highest level of education attainment in each household. The accounts within SES quartiles were estimated using standard NTA methods. A pseudo-Gini coefficient summarized SES-driven inequalities by age and generational account. This secondary analysis was based on existing micro databases from the Ecuadorian NTA. Results: National averages do not represent well the generational economy of the low-SES population. The usual gradient of higher economic figures in higher SES strata shows up in almost all NTAs with the notable exceptions of reversal (progressive) gradients in conditional public cash transfers to low-SES households and public education at the elementary school level. Retirement pensions are extremely regressive public transfers, benefiting mostly high-SES strata. Conclusions: Population aging might worsen the high levels of inequality already existing in Ecuador and Latin America. Some progressive public policies worked well to reduce inequality in Ecuador. Contribution: This article demonstrates the importance of uncovering SES-driven inequalities existing in NTAs and their change through the lifecycle. It also identifies public policies that ameliorated inequality as well as public transfers that are regressive.
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    Traditional rural dietary pattern and all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort study of elderly Costa Ricans: the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES)
    (The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2024) Zhang, Yundan; Cortés Ortiz, Mónica V.; Leung, Cindy W.; Baylin, Ana; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Ruiz Narváez, Edward A.
    Costa Rica, as many other Latin American countries, is experiencing a fast demographic aging. It is estimated that by 2030, 18.5% of the population, or almost 1 of every 5 Costa Ricans, will be 60 y or older, compared with 7.9% or 1 of every 13 Costa Ricans in 1999 [1]. As the population ages, chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurodegenerative disorders are expected to increase in prevalence posing growing challenges to the health of the Costa Rican population. With the demographic shift toward an aging population, there is an urgent need to study determinants of longevity and healthy aging. Diet—as part of a healthy lifestyle—is a key modifiable factor that may help to minimize the burden of age-related health conditions. Beans are a major source of protein and fiber in Costa Rican adults and part of traditional diets in most Latin American countries. High bean consumption has been found associated with a protective cardiometabolic prolife such as low total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol [2,3]. In the Costa Rican population specifically, intake of beans has been associated with lower risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in middle-aged adults [4]. We recently reported that a traditional Costa Rican rural dietary pattern, rich in beans and rice, was associated with longer leukocyte telomeres—a marker of biologic aging—in Costa Rican adults 60 y and older [5]. However, no studies have examined whether adherence to a traditional diet in elderly Costa Ricans may also be associated with lower mortality. Because of the nutrition transition (i.e., a shift from traditional diets to an increased consumption of processed foods highs in sugars, fats, and salt) experienced by Costa Rica in the last decades [4,6,7], it is essential to evaluate the potential impact of traditional diets on promoting healthy aging and longevity within an aging population. In this study, we assessed the association between a traditional rural dietary pattern, as well as their major food components beans and rice, and all-cause mortality among elderly Costa Ricans aged 60 y and older at baseline. We hypothesized that higher scores on the traditional dietary pattern are associated with lower all-cause mortality in elderly Costa Ricans. We also assessed whether additional dietary patterns may be associated with all-cause mortality. We used longitudinal and nationally representative data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES).
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    Health inequalities in the geographic distribution of dental practitioners in Costa Rica: an ecological study
    (Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, Early view, 2023) Barboza Solís, Cristina; Barahona Cubillo, Juan; Fantin, Romain Clement
    Results: Mean national LPA was 6.5 full-time equivalents per 10 000 inhabitants, 3.4% of the Costa Rican population had no access to dentist; 12.9% had very low accessibil- ity, 22.7% had low accessibility, 35.0% had good accessibility, 16.2% had high accessi- bility, and 9.8% had very high accessibility. Overall, 39% of the population has a rather low accessibility. LPA was higher in urban districts compared to rural districts and in wealthiest districts compared to most disadvantaged districts. Within districts, after adjustment for district's characteristics, LPA was higher in urban MGU compared to rural MGU and in wealthiest MGU compared to most disadvantaged MGU. Conclusions: This study found that despite having a high number of dentists, their numbers are small in many areas, increasing inequalities in access to health care. The dentist's free establishment, where they can decide to provide private services within a community, creates zones with very high densities, in particular in the wealthiest urban areas, and others with very low densities, in particular the poorest rural areas. The lack of territorial planning has been one of the reasons that has encouraged an imbalance in the availability of dental human resources. To achieve effective universal
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    Centenarian clocks: epigenetic clocks for validating claims of exceptional longevity
    (SPRINGER LINK, vol. 45, 2023) Dec, Eric; Clement, James; Cheng, Kaiyang; Church, George M.; Fossel, Michael B.; Rehkopf, David H.; Rosero Bixby, Luis; Kobor, Michael S.; Lin, David TS.; Lu, Ake T.; Fei, Zhe; Guo, Wei; Chew, Yap Ching; Yang, Xiaojing; Dwi Putra, Sulistyo E.; Reiner, Alex P.; Correa, Adolfo; Vilalta, Adrian; Pirazzini, Chiara; Passarino, Giuseppe; Monti, Daniela; Arosio, Beatrice; Garagnani, Paolo; Franceschi, Claudio; Horvath, Steve
    Claims surrounding exceptional longevity are sometimes disputed or dismissed for lack of credible evidence. Here, we present three DNA methylation-based age estimators (epigenetic clocks) for verifying age claims of centenarians. The three centenarian clocks were developed based on n = 7039 blood and saliva samples from individuals older than 40, including n = 184 samples from centenarians, 122 samples from semi-supercentenarians (aged 105 +), and 25 samples from supercentenarians (aged 110 +). The oldest individual was 115 years old. Our most accurate centenarian clock resulted from applying a neural network model to a training set composed of individuals older than 40. An epigenome- wide association study of age in different age groups revealed that age effects in young individuals (age < 40) are correlated (r = 0.55) with age effects in old individuals (age > 90). We present a chromatin state analysis of age effects in centenarians. The centenarian clocks are expected to be useful for validating claims surrounding exceptional old age.
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    Excess mortality from COVID 19 in Costa Rica: a registry based study using Poisson regression
    (The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Vol.20, 2023) Fantin, Romain Clement; Barboza Solís, Cristina; Hildesheim, Allan; Herrero, Rolando
    Excess mortality from COVID 19 in Costa Rica: a registry based study using Poisson regression Romain Fantin,a ,b ,c ,∗ Cristina Barboza-Solís,c Allan Hildesheim,b and Rolando Herrerob a Centro Centroamericano de Población, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica b Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas – Fundación Inciensa, San José, Costa Rica c Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica Summary Background Official death toll related to COVID-19 has been considerably underestimated in reports from some Latin American countries. This study aimed to analyze the mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica between March 2020 and December 2021. Methods A registry based study based on 2017–2021 data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census was designed (N = 128,106). Excess deaths were defined by the WHO as “the difference in the total number of deaths in a crisis compared to those expected under normal conditions”; and were estimated using a Poisson regression, and mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) rates were calculated. Findings The COVID-19 pandemic represented 15% of the deaths in Costa Rica between March 2020 and December 2021. The mortality rate related to COVID-19 was 83 per 100,000 person-years. Between March and July 2020 (low- incidence period), observed number of deaths was 9%-lower than expected, whereas it was 15% and 24% higher than expected between July 2020 and March 2021 (high incidence period - no vaccination), and between March 2021 and December 2021 (high incidence period – progressive vaccination) respectively. Between July 2020 and December 2021, excess deaths observed and COVID-19 deaths reported were comparable (7461 and 7620 respectively). Nevertheless, there were more deaths than expected for conditions that predispose to COVID-19 deaths. YPLL and mortality rates increased with age, but significant excess deaths were observed in all age-groups older than 30–39 years. No large differences were noted by districts’ socioeconomic characteristics although excess death rate was lower in rural compared to urban areas
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    The vanishing advantage of longevity in Nicoya, Costa Rica: A cohort shif
    (Demographic Research, vol.49 (27, 2023) Rosero Bixby, Luis
    BACKGROUND The Nicoya region in Costa Rica has been identified as one of a handful of hotspots of extreme longevity. The evidence supporting this status comes mostly from observing the 1990 and 2000 decades and cohorts born before 1930. OBJECTIVE To determine how the longevity advantage of older men in Nicoya has progressed in the period 1990 to 2020 and in cohorts born from 1900 to 1950. METHODS Remaining length of life and adult mortality were estimated using new public administrative records from the electoral system and a Gompertz regression model. A new nationwide survival-time database of 550,000 adult Costa Ricans who were alive at any point during 1990–2020 was put together. RESULTS The longevity advantage of Nicoya is disappearing in a trend driven mostly by cohort effects. While Nicoyan males born in 1905 had 33% lower adult mortality rates than other Costa Ricans, those born in 1945 had 10% higher rates. The original geographic hotspot of low elderly mortality, coined the Nicoya blue zone, has decreased to a small area south of the peninsula around the corridor from Hojancha inland to the beach town of Sámara. However, Nicoyans born before 1930 who are still alive continue to show exceptionally high longevity. CONCLUSIONS Surviving Nicoyan males born before 1930 are exceptional human beings living longer than expected lives. Not so for more recent cohorts. The window of opportunity to meet and study pre-1930 individuals is closing.

SIBDI, UCR - San José, Costa Rica.

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